Admixture ɗaya yana da iyakancewa wajen haɓaka aikin gypsum slurry. Idan aikin turmi na gypsum shine don cimma sakamako mai gamsarwa da kuma biyan buƙatun aikace-aikace daban-daban, ana buƙatar haɗaɗɗen sinadarai, masu haɗawa, filaye, da abubuwa daban-daban don haɗawa da haɓaka su cikin hanyar kimiyya da ma'ana.
01. Mai sarrafa coagulation
An raba masu sarrafa coagulation galibi zuwa masu ragewa da masu kara kuzari. A cikin gypsum bushe-bushe turmi, ana amfani da retarders don kayayyakin da aka shirya tare da plaster na paris, kuma accelerators ake bukata don kayayyakin shirya tare da anhydrous gypsum ko kai tsaye ta amfani da dihydrate gypsum.
02. Mai dagewa
Ƙara retarder zuwa gypsum busassun kayan gine-gine masu gauraya yana hana tsarin hydration na gypsum hemihydrate kuma yana tsawaita lokacin saiti. Akwai yanayi da yawa don hydration na filasta, ciki har da abun da ke ciki na plaster, yawan zafin jiki na kayan aikin filasta lokacin shirya samfurori, ƙarancin barbashi, saita lokaci da ƙimar pH na samfuran da aka shirya, da dai sauransu Kowane factor yana da wani tasiri akan tasirin retarding. , don haka akwai babban bambanci a cikin adadin retarder a yanayi daban-daban. A halin yanzu, mafi kyawun jinkiri ga gypsum a kasar Sin shine furotin da aka gyara (high protein) retarder, wanda ke da fa'idodin ƙarancin farashi, dogon lokacin jinkiri, ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙirar samfuri mai kyau, da buɗe lokaci mai tsawo. Adadin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin shirye-shiryen filastar stucco na ƙasa gabaɗaya shine 0.06% zuwa 0.15%.
03. Kwakwalwa
Haɓaka lokacin motsawar slurry da tsawaita saurin motsawar slurry ɗaya ne daga cikin hanyoyin haɓaka coagulation na jiki. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su na sinadarai a cikin kayan gini na anhydrite sun haɗa da potassium chloride, potassium silicate, sulfate da sauran abubuwan acid. Matsakaicin shine gabaɗaya 0.2% zuwa 0.4%.
04. Mai kula da ruwa
Gypsum bushe-mix kayan gine-gine ba su da bambanci da abubuwan da ke riƙe da ruwa. Inganta yawan riƙe ruwa na gypsum samfurin slurry shine tabbatar da cewa ruwa zai iya kasancewa a cikin gypsum slurry na dogon lokaci, don samun sakamako mai kyau na hydration. Don inganta ginin gypsum foda kayan gini, ragewa da hana rabuwa da zubar da jini na gypsum slurry, inganta sagging na slurry, tsawaita lokacin budewa, da magance matsalolin injiniya masu inganci irin su fashewa da ramuka duk ba za a iya raba su da wakilan ruwa ba. Ko wakili mai riƙe da ruwa yana da kyau ya dogara ne akan rarrabuwar sa, saurin narkewa, moldability, kwanciyar hankali na thermal da kauri, daga cikin abin da mafi mahimmancin index shine riƙewar ruwa.
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan ruwa guda huɗu:
①Wakili mai riƙe ruwa na Cellulosic
A halin yanzu, wanda aka fi amfani dashi a kasuwa shine hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sai methyl cellulose da carboxymethyl cellulose. Gabaɗaya aikin hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ya fi na methylcellulose kyau, kuma riƙewar ruwa na biyu ya fi na carboxymethylcellulose girma, amma tasirin ɗaukar nauyi da tasirin haɗin gwiwa ya fi na carboxymethylcellulose muni. A cikin gypsum bushe-bushe kayan gini, adadin hydroxypropyl da methyl cellulose shine gaba ɗaya 0.1% zuwa 0.3%, kuma adadin carboxymethyl cellulose shine 0.5% zuwa 1.0%. Yawancin misalai na aikace-aikacen sun tabbatar da cewa haɗakar amfani da biyun ya fi kyau .
② Wakilin rike ruwan sitaci
Ana amfani da wakili mai riƙe da sitaci galibi don gypsum putty da plaster plaster, kuma yana iya maye gurbin wani yanki ko duka na wakilin ruwa na cellulose. Ƙara wakili mai riƙe da ruwa na sitaci zuwa gypsum busassun foda kayan gini na ginin zai iya inganta aikin aiki, aiki, da daidaito na slurry. Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su na tushen ruwa sun haɗa da sitaci tapioca, sitaci pregelatinized, sitaci carboxymethyl, da sitaci na carboxypropyl. Adadin wakili mai riƙe da ruwa na tushen sitaci gabaɗaya shine 0.3% zuwa 1%. Idan adadin ya yi yawa, zai haifar da mildew na samfuran gypsum a cikin yanayi mai laushi, wanda zai shafi ingancin aikin kai tsaye.
③ Manna mai riƙe ruwa
Wasu manne-da-hannun nan take kuma na iya taka rawa mai kyau na riƙe ruwa. Alal misali, 17-88, 24-88 polyvinyl barasa foda, Tianqing gum da guar gum ana amfani da su a cikin gypsum busassun kayan gini na gine-gine kamar gypsum, gypsum putty, gypsum insulation glue. Za a iya rage yawan adadin mai riƙe ruwa na cellulose. Musamman ma a cikin gypsum mai haɗawa da sauri, zai iya maye gurbin gaba ɗaya mai kula da ruwa na cellulose ether a wasu lokuta.
④ Inorganic ruwa rike kayan
Aikace-aikace na haɗawa da sauran kayan da ke da ruwa a cikin gypsum busassun kayan gine-gine na gine-gine na iya rage yawan sauran kayan da ke da ruwa, rage farashin samfurin, kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta aikin aiki da kuma gina jiki na gypsum slurry. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na ruwa da aka fi amfani da su sun hada da bentonite, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, zeolite foda, perlite foda, yumbu attapulgite, da dai sauransu.
05.M
Aikace-aikacen adhesives a cikin gypsum busassun kayan gine-gine na gine-gine shine na biyu kawai ga wakilai masu riƙe da ruwa da masu retarders. Gypsum turmi mai daidaita kai, gypsum bonded, gypsum caulking, da thermal insulation gypsum manne duk ba su rabu da adhesives.
▲ Maganin latex mai sake tarwatsewa
Redispersible latex foda ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin gypsum kai matakin turmi, gypsum insulation fili, gypsum caulking putty, da dai sauransu. delamination, nisantar zub da jini, da inganta juriya. Matsakaicin shine gabaɗaya 1.2% zuwa 2.5%.
▲ Barasa polyvinyl nan take
A halin yanzu, barasa na polyvinyl nan take da ake amfani da shi a cikin adadi mai yawa a kasuwa shine 24-88 da 17-88. Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa a cikin samfurori irin su gypsum bonding, gypsum putty, gypsum composite thermal insulation fili, da plaster plaster. 0.4% zuwa 1.2%.
Guar danko, Tianqing danko, carboxymethyl cellulose, sitaci ether, da dai sauransu duk su ne adhesives tare da daban-daban bonding ayyukan a gypsum bushe-gauraye kayan gini.
06. Mai kauri
Thickening yafi don inganta aiki da sagging na gypsum slurry, wanda yayi kama da adhesives da ruwa masu riƙe da ruwa, amma ba gaba daya ba. Wasu samfurori masu kauri suna da tasiri wajen yin kauri, amma ba su dace ba dangane da haɗin kai da riƙe ruwa. Lokacin da aka tsara kayan gini na busasshen gypsum busassun foda, ya kamata a yi la'akari da babban aikin admixtures don yin amfani da admixtures mafi kyau kuma mafi dacewa. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na kauri sun haɗa da polyacrylamide, Tianqing danko, guar danko, carboxymethyl cellulose, da sauransu.
07. Wakilin da ke haɗa iska
Ana amfani da wakili mai haɗa iska, wanda kuma aka sani da wakili mai kumfa, ana amfani da shi a gypsum busassun kayan gini masu gauraya kamar gypsum insulation compound da plaster plaster. Ma'aikaci mai haɗawa da iska (wakilin kumfa) yana taimakawa wajen inganta gine-gine, juriya, juriya na sanyi, rage zubar jini da rarrabuwa, kuma adadin shine gaba ɗaya 0.01% zuwa 0.02%.
08. Defoamer
Ana amfani da Defoamer sau da yawa a cikin gypsum kai matakin turmi da gypsum caulking putty, wanda zai iya inganta yawa, ƙarfi, juriya na ruwa da haɗin kai na slurry, kuma adadin shine gaba ɗaya 0.02% zuwa 0.04%.
09. Wakilin rage ruwa
Wakilin rage ruwa zai iya inganta yawan ruwa na gypsum slurry da ƙarfin gypsum taurare jiki, kuma yawanci ana amfani da shi a cikin gypsum mai daidaita turmi da filasta. A halin yanzu, masu rage ruwa da aka samar a cikin gida suna da matsayi gwargwadon ƙarfinsu da tasirin ƙarfin su: polycarboxylate retarded water reducers, melamine high quality-water reducers, tushen shayi mai inganci mai ƙarancin ruwa, da masu rage ruwa na lignosulfonate. Lokacin amfani da abubuwan rage ruwa a cikin gypsum bushe-mix kayan gini, ban da la'akari da amfani da ruwa da ƙarfi, ya kamata kuma a ba da hankali ga saita lokaci da asarar ruwa na kayan gini na gypsum akan lokaci.
10. Mai hana ruwa ruwa
Babban lahani na samfuran gypsum shine ƙarancin juriya na ruwa. Wuraren da ke da matsanancin zafi na iska suna da buƙatu mafi girma don jurewar ruwa na gypsum busassun turmi gauraye. Gabaɗaya, juriya na ruwa na gypsum mai tauri yana inganta ta hanyar ƙara abubuwan haɗin ruwa na hydraulic. A cikin yanayin rigar ko cikakken ruwa, ƙari na waje na abubuwan haɗin hydraulic na iya sanya ƙimar laushi na gypsum taurare jiki ya kai fiye da 0.7, don biyan buƙatun ƙarfin samfur. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da abubuwan haɗin sinadarai don rage narkewar gypsum (wato, ƙara yawan adadin laushi), rage adsorption na gypsum zuwa ruwa (wato rage yawan sha ruwa) da kuma rage zazzagewar gypsum taurin jiki (wato. , warewar ruwa). Abubuwan hana ruwa na gypsum sun haɗa da ammonium borate, sodium methyl siliconate, resin silicone, emulsified paraffin wax, da silicone emulsion waterproofing agent tare da kyakkyawan sakamako.
11. Active stimulator
Kunna anhydrites na halitta da na sinadarai yana ba da mannewa da ƙarfi don samar da kayan gini na bushe-bushe na gypsum. Mai kunna acid zai iya hanzarta saurin saurin ruwa na gypsum anhydrous, rage lokacin saiti, da haɓaka ƙarfin farkon gypsum taurare jiki. Ainihin activator ba shi da wani tasiri a kan farkon hydration kudi na anhydrous gypsum, amma zai iya muhimmanci inganta daga baya ƙarfi na gypsum taurare jiki, kuma zai iya zama wani ɓangare na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa gelling abu a cikin gypsum taurare jiki, yadda ya kamata inganta ruwa juriya. da gypsum taurin jiki jima'i. Tasirin amfani da mai kunna acid-base compound activator ya fi na acidic guda ɗaya ko mai kunnawa na asali. Abubuwan da ke kara kuzarin acid sun hada da potassium alum, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, da sauransu. Masu kunnawa alkaline sun hada da quicklime, siminti, clinker siminti, calcined dolomite, da sauransu.
12. Thixotropic man shafawa
Ana amfani da man shafawa na thixotropic a cikin gypsum mai daidaita kai ko gypsum plastering, wanda zai iya rage juriya na gypsum turmi, tsawaita lokacin buɗewa, hana yin gyare-gyare da daidaitawar slurry, ta yadda slurry zai iya samun mai kyau mai kyau da aiki. A lokaci guda kuma, tsarin jiki daidai yake, kuma ƙarfin samansa yana ƙaruwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-20-2023