1 Ilimi na asali
Tambaya 1 Dabarun gini nawa ne ake da su don manna fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen buraka?
Amsa: Tsarin fale-falen fale-falen yumbu gabaɗaya ya kasu zuwa nau'ikan uku: hanyar shafa baya, hanyar shafa ta tushe (wanda kuma aka sani da hanyar trowel, hanyar manna bakin ciki), da hanyar haɗin gwiwa.
Tambaya ta 2 Menene manyan kayan aiki na musamman don gina fale-falen fale-falen?
Amsa: Kayan aiki na musamman don man tile sun haɗa da: mahaɗar lantarki, spatula mai haƙori (trowel), guduma na roba, da sauransu.
Tambaya 3 Menene babban matakai a cikin aikin ginin tile paste?
Amsa: Babban matakan sune: jiyya na tushe, shirye-shiryen kayan aiki, haɗakar turmi, turmi tsaye (warkewa), haɗakarwa na biyu, aikace-aikacen turmi, fale-falen fale-falen, ƙãre samfurin kiyayewa da kariya.
Tambaya Ta 4 Menene hanyar liƙa sirara? Menene halayensa?
Amsa: Hanyar liƙa na bakin ciki tana nufin hanyar liƙa fale-falen fale-falen buraka, duwatsu da sauran kayan da ke da kauri mai kauri (kimanin 3mm). Gabaɗaya yana amfani da spatula mai haƙori akan shimfidar tushe mai lebur don sarrafa kauri na abin haɗin gwiwa (gaba ɗaya bai wuce 3 ~ 5mm ba). Hanyar manna na bakin ciki yana da halaye na saurin gini mai sauri, sakamako mai kyau na manna, ingantaccen sararin amfani da cikin gida, ceton makamashi da kare muhalli.
Tambaya ta 5 Menene farin abun da ke bayan tayal? Ta yaya yake shafar tiling?
Amsa: Ita ce ƙorafin da ake shafa kafin bulo ya shiga cikin kiln yayin samar da yumbura. Abubuwan al'amura kamar toshewar kiln. The saki foda ne quite barga a kan aiwatar sintering yumbura tiles a high zafin jiki. A yanayin zafi na al'ada, foda na saki ba shi da ƙarfi, kuma kusan babu ƙarfi tsakanin abubuwan da aka saki foda da tsakanin foda da aka saki da tayal. Idan akwai foda na saki mara tsabta a bayan tayal, za a rage ingantaccen ƙarfin haɗin tayal yadda ya kamata. Kafin a liƙa fale-falen, ya kamata a tsaftace su da ruwa ko kuma a cire foda na saki da goga.
Tambaya 6 Yaya tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka gabaɗaya don kula da fale-falen fale-falen bayan an yi amfani da tile adhesives? Yadda za a kula da su?
Amsa: Gabaɗaya, bayan an manna abin tile ɗin kuma an gina shi, ana buƙatar warkewa na kwanaki 3 zuwa 5 kafin a yi aikin caulking na gaba. Ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi na al'ada da yanayin zafi, kiyayewa na halitta ya isa.
Tambaya 7 Menene buƙatu don ingantaccen tushe na ginin gida?
Amsa: Domin na cikin gida bango tiling ayyukan, da bukatun ga tushe surface: verticality, flatness ≤ 4mm / 2m, babu interlayer, babu yashi, babu foda, kuma m tushe.
Tambaya Ta 8 Menene ubiquinol?
Amsa: Ita ce alkali da aka samar ta hanyar hydration na siminti a cikin kayan da aka yi da siminti, ko kuma abubuwan alkaline da ke cikin kayan ado su canza tare da ruwa, an wadatar da su kai tsaye a saman Layer na ado, ko samfurin ya amsa da iska a saman kayan ado. Wadannan fararen, abubuwa masu rarraba ba daidai ba suna shafar bayyanar kayan ado.
Tambaya Ta 9 Menene reflux da rataye hawaye?
Amsa: A lokacin aikin taurarewar turmin siminti, za a sami ramuka da yawa a ciki, kuma waɗannan kogogi ne tashoshi na zubar ruwa; lokacin da turmi siminti ya zama nakasawa da zafin jiki, fashewa zai faru; saboda raguwa da wasu abubuwan gini, turmi siminti yana da sauƙi ga ganga mara ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin tayal. Calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2, daya daga cikin samfuran hydration dauki na siminti tare da ruwa, da kansa ya narke cikin ruwa, kuma ruwan da ya wuce gona da iri zai iya narkar da calcium oxide CaO a cikin calcium disilicate gel CSH, wanda shine samfurin dauki tsakanin siminti da ruwa. Hazo ya zama calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2. Maganin ruwa na Ca (OH) 2 yana ƙaura zuwa saman tayal ta cikin ramukan capillary na tayal ko dutse, kuma yana ɗaukar carbon dioxide CO2 a cikin iska don samar da calcium carbonate CaCO3, da sauransu, wanda ke hazo a saman tayal. , wanda aka fi sani da anti-sizing da rataye hawaye, wanda kuma aka sani da fari.
Al'amarin na anti-sizing, rataye hawaye ko whitening bukatar saduwa da yawa yanayi a lokaci guda: isasshen calcium hydroxide da aka samar, isasshen ruwa ruwa iya ƙaura zuwa saman, da kuma ruwa wadãtar da calcium hydroxide a kan surface iya zama ga wani. dogon isa lokaci. Saboda haka, abin farin ciki yakan faru ne a cikin kauri Layer na siminti turmi (baya mai danko) hanyar gini (ƙarin siminti, ruwa da ɓoyayyi), tubalin da ba a taɓa gani ba, tubalin yumbu ko dutse (tare da tashoshi ƙaura-capillary pores), farkon hunturu ko lokacin bazara. (ƙaurawar saman danshi da ƙumburi), haske zuwa matsakaicin shawa (samar da isasshen danshi ba tare da wanke saman nan da nan ba). Bugu da ƙari, ruwan sama na acid (lalacewar ƙasa da rushewar gishiri), kuskuren ɗan adam (ƙara ruwa da motsawa a karo na biyu yayin gine-gine a kan wurin), da dai sauransu zai haifar da ko ta'azzara farar fata. Farin saman saman yawanci yana rinjayar bayyanar kawai, wasu ma na ɗan lokaci ne (calcium carbonate zai amsa da carbon dioxide da ruwa a cikin iska kuma ya zama mai narkewa a cikin calcium bicarbonate kuma a hankali a wanke shi). Hattara da fari lokacin zabar fale-falen fale-falen buraka da dutse. Yawancin lokaci amfani da dabara na musamman tayal m da sealant (hydrophobic nau'in), bakin ciki-Layer yi, ƙarfafa ginin site management (farkon ruwan sama tsari da daidai tsaftacewa na hadawa ruwa, da dai sauransu), ba zai iya cimma wani bayyane whitening ko kawai A little fari.
2 tile manna
Tambaya 1 Menene dalilai da matakan rigakafi na rashin daidaituwa na layin turmi mai siffar tara?
Amsa: 1) Tushen tushe bai yi daidai ba.
2) Kauri na abin da aka goge ba ya isa, kuma abin da aka goge ba ya cika.
3) Akwai busasshen abin ɗamara na tayal a cikin ramukan haƙori na trowel; ya kamata a tsaftace tawul.
3) Gudun scraping tsari yana da sauri; ya kamata a rage saurin gogewa.
4) Ba a motsa abin da aka yi amfani da tile ba daidai ba, kuma akwai ƙwayoyin foda, da dai sauransu; ya kamata a zuga mannen tayal da girma kafin amfani.
Tambaya 2 Lokacin da karkatar da lebur na tushe ya yi girma, yaya za a yi amfani da hanyar liƙa na bakin ciki don shimfiɗa fale-falen?
Amsa: Da farko, dole ne a daidaita matakin tushe don saduwa da buƙatun flatness ≤ 4mm / 2m, sa'an nan kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da hanyar daɗaɗɗen bakin ciki don ginin tile.
Tambaya 3 Menene ya kamata a kula da shi lokacin liƙa tayal a kan masu hawan iska?
Amsa: Bincika ko kusurwoyin yin da yang na bututun samun iska sun kasance 90 ° kusurwoyi daidai kafin liƙa, kuma tabbatar da cewa kuskuren tsakanin kusurwar da aka haɗa da ƙarshen ƙarshen bututu shine ≤4mm; haɗin gwiwa na 45 ° yang kusurwar tiles-yanke-hannun hannu ya kamata ya zama madaidaici kuma ba za a iya haɗa su ba, in ba haka ba za a iya rinjayar ƙarfin mannewa na tayal (danshi da fadada zafi zai haifar da gefen tayal ya fashe kuma ya lalace); ajiye tashar jiragen ruwa na dubawa (don guje wa tsaftace bututun bututu da fashewa, wanda zai shafi bayyanar).
Tambaya 4 Yaya za a shigar da fale-falen bene tare da magudanar ƙasa?
Amsa: Lokacin kwanciya fale-falen bene, nemo gangara mai kyau don tabbatar da cewa ruwa a kowane wuri zai iya gudana cikin magudanar ƙasa, tare da gangara daga 1% zuwa 2%. Idan an daidaita magudanar ruwa guda biyu a cikin sashe ɗaya, wurin tsakiya tsakanin magudanan bene biyu ya kamata ya zama mafi girma kuma an shimfiɗa shi zuwa bangarorin biyu; idan ya dace da bango da fale-falen bene, ya kamata a ɗora fale-falen ƙasa a kan tiles ɗin bango.
Tambaya ta 5 Menene ya kamata a kula da shi lokacin da ake shafa tile mai bushewa da sauri a waje?
Amsa: Gabaɗayan lokacin ajiya da lokacin iska na mannen tayal mai bushewa sun fi guntu na tile na yau da kullun, don haka adadin haɗuwa a lokaci ɗaya bai kamata ya yi yawa ba, kuma wurin da ake gogewa a lokaci ɗaya bai kamata ya yi girma ba. Ya kamata ya kasance mai tsauri daidai da buƙatun. Ana iya amfani da samfurin don kammala ginin a cikin lokaci. An haramta shi sosai don ci gaba da amfani da abin da aka yi amfani da shi wanda ya rasa ƙarfinsa kuma yana kusa da condensation bayan ƙara ruwa a karo na biyu, in ba haka ba zai yi tasiri sosai a farkon da kuma ƙarshen haɗin gwiwa, kuma yana iya haifar da fari mai tsanani. Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi da zarar an motsa shi. Idan ya bushe da sauri, za a iya rage yawan motsawar motsi, za a iya rage yawan zafin jiki na ruwan hade da kyau, kuma za a iya rage saurin motsawa daidai.
Tambaya ta 6 Menene dalilai da matakan kariya na fashe ko raguwar ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa bayan an haɗa fale-falen yumbura?
Amsa: Da farko, bincika ingancin tushen tushen, lokacin ingancin ingancin samfurin, rabon rarraba ruwa da sauran dalilai. Sa'an nan kuma, bisa la'akari da raguwa ko raguwar ƙarfin abin da ke haifar da tile adhesive bayan lokacin iska lokacin da ake manna, ya kamata a lura cewa manna a cikin lokacin iska. Lokacin liƙa, yakamata a ɗan goge shi don sanya tayal ɗin ya zama m. Dangane da abin da ya faru na raguwa ko raguwar mannewa ta hanyar daidaitawa bayan lokacin daidaitawa, ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin wannan yanayin, idan ana buƙatar sake gyarawa, dole ne a cire takalmin tayal da farko, sa'an nan kuma a sake cika grout. manna. Lokacin liƙa manyan fale-falen ado na ado, saboda ƙarancin adadin abin ɗamara da tayal, za a fitar da shi da yawa yayin gyaran gaba da baya, wanda zai sa manne ya lalata, haifar da rami, ko rage mannewa. Kula da hankali lokacin da aka fara kwanciya , Adadin manne ya kamata ya zama daidai kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma a daidaita nisa na gaba da na baya ta hanyar guduma da latsawa. Matsakaicin manne tayal bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 3mm ba, kuma nisan daidaitawa ya kamata ya zama kusan 25% na kauri na manne. Bisa la'akari da yanayin zafi da bushewa da kuma babban yanki na kowane nau'i na gogewa, wanda ke haifar da asarar ruwa a saman wani ɓangare na manne, ya kamata a rage yanki na kowane nau'i na manne; lokacin da mannen tayal ya daina danko, yakamata a goge shi daga Re-slurry. Idan lokacin daidaitawa ya wuce kuma an tilasta daidaitawa, ya kamata a fitar da shi a maye gurbinsa. Idan kauri na mannen tayal bai isa ba, yana buƙatar grouted. Lura: Kada a ƙara ruwa ko wasu abubuwa a cikin abin da ya taurare kuma ya taurare bayan lokacin aiki, sannan a yi amfani da shi bayan an motsa.
Tambaya 7 Lokacin tsaftace takarda a saman tayal, dalili da matakan rigakafi don fale-falen fale-falen?
Amsa: Don wannan al'amari da ya haifar da tsaftacewa da wuri, ya kamata a jinkirta tsaftacewa, kuma mannen tayal ya kamata ya kai wani ƙarfi kafin tsaftacewa. Idan akwai buƙatar gaggawa don gaggawar lokacin ginin, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da mannen tayal mai bushewa da sauri, kuma ana iya tsaftace shi aƙalla sa'o'i 2 bayan kammala shimfidar.
Tambaya ta 8 Menene ya kamata a kula da shi lokacin liƙa manyan fale-falen fale-falen buraka?
Amsa: Lokacin liƙa manyan fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen buraka, kula da: 1) Manna a cikin lokacin bushewa na tile ɗin. 2) Yi amfani da isasshen manne a lokaci guda don hana ƙarancin adadin manne, yana haifar da buƙatar sake cika manne.
Tambaya ta 9 Yaya za a tabbatar da ingancin fale-falen fale-falen yumbu masu laushi a matsayin sabon kayan shimfidar kayan ado?
Amsa: Ana buƙatar manne da aka zaɓa da za a gwada shi tare da tayal yumbu mai laushi, kuma a zaɓi abin ɗamara mai ƙarfi tare da manne mai ƙarfi don liƙa.
Tambaya ta 10 Shin ana buƙatar jiƙa tayal a cikin ruwa kafin manna?
Amsa: Lokacin zabar ƙwararrun mannen tayal don liƙa, tiles ɗin ba sa buƙatar jiƙa da ruwa, kuma abubuwan da suka dace da tile da kansu suna da kyawawan abubuwan riƙe ruwa.
Tambaya 11 Yaya za a shimfiɗa tubalin yayin da akwai babban karkata a cikin shimfidar tushe?
Amsa: 1) Pre-mataki; 2) Gina ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa.
Tambaya ta 12 A yanayi na al'ada, tsawon yaushe bayan an gama aikin hana ruwa, za a iya fara tiling da caulking?
Amsa: Ya dogara da nau'in kayan hana ruwa. Mahimmin ka'idar ita ce cewa kayan da ba za a iya hana ruwa ba za a iya yin amfani da su kawai bayan ya kai ga ƙarfin da ake bukata don tayal tayal. Yi nuni.
Tambaya ta 13 Gabaɗaya, tsawon yaushe bayan an gama tiling da caulking, za a iya amfani da shi?
Amsa: Bayan caulking, ana iya amfani da shi bayan warkewar yanayi na kwanaki 5 ~ 7 (ya kamata a tsawanta shi daidai a lokacin hunturu da damina).
2.1 Gabaɗaya ayyukan cikin gida
Tambaya 1 Lokacin liƙa duwatsu masu launin haske ko bulo tare da mannen tayal mai launin duhu, menene dalilai da matakan da za a bi don canza launin duwatsun ko bulo?
Amsa: Dalili kuwa shi ne dutsen sako-sako mai launin haske yana da ƙarancin rashin ƙarfi, kuma launi na mannen tayal mai launin duhu yana da sauƙin shiga cikin saman. Ana ba da shawarar mannen tayal mai launin fari ko haske. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin liƙa duwatsu masu sauƙi don gurɓata, kula da murfin baya da murfin gaba kuma a yi amfani da mannen tayal mai bushewa da sauri don hana gurɓatar duwatsu.
Tambaya ta 2 Yadda za a guje wa tile manna seams ba daidai ba ne kuma saman ba shi da santsi?
Amsa: 1) Fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen ya kamata a zaɓi a hankali yayin gini don guje wa ɓangarorin haɗin gwiwa da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin fale-falen da ke kusa saboda ƙayyadaddun tayal da girma. Bugu da ƙari, wajibi ne don barin isassun haɗin ginin tubali da amfani da katunan tayal.
2) Ƙayyade hawan tushe, kuma kowane batu na hawan zai kasance ƙarƙashin iyakar babba na mai mulki (duba blisters). Bayan an liƙa kowane layi, za a duba shi a kwance da kuma a tsaye tare da mai mulki a cikin lokaci, kuma a gyara shi cikin lokaci; idan kabu ya wuce kuskuren da aka yarda, za a Cire fale-falen bango (bene) a cikin lokaci don maye gurbin mannen tayal don sake yin aiki.
Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da hanyar ja don gini.
Tambaya ta 3 Gina cikin gida, yadda za a lissafta adadin fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen, adhesives na tayal da abubuwan caulking?
Amsa: Kafin manna fale-falen buraka a cikin gida, yi pre-shirya bisa ga ƙayyadaddun tayal, kuma ƙididdige adadin fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen (ana ƙididdige bango da fale-falen bene daban) bisa ga sakamakon da aka riga aka shirya da wurin manna + (10% ~ 15) %) hasara.
A lokacin da tiling tiles ta hanyar bakin ciki manna hanya, da kauri daga cikin m Layer ne kullum 3 ~ 5mm, da kuma adadin m (bushe abu) ne 5 ~ 8kg / m2 dangane da lissafin 1.6kg na abu da murabba'in mita ga wani. kauri na 1mm.
Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don adadin caulking wakili:
Adadin sealant = [(tsawon bulo + nisa bulo) * kauri bulo * nisa haɗin gwiwa * 2/ (tsawon bulo * nisa bulo)], kg/㎡
Tambaya ta 4 A cikin gini na cikin gida, yadda za a hana bango da fale-falen bene daga fashe saboda ginin?
Amsa ta ɗaya: 1) Zaɓi abin ɗamara da tayal mai dacewa;
2) Kulawa mai kyau na baya na tayal da saman tushe;
3) Ƙwararren tayal yana motsawa sosai kuma ya balaga don hana busassun foda;
4) Dangane da lokacin buɗewa da saurin ginin fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen, daidaita yanki mai gogewa na mannen tayal;
5) Yi amfani da hanyar haɗin gwiwa don manna don rage abin da ke faruwa na rashin isasshen haɗin gwiwa;
6) Kulawa da kyau don rage rawar jiki da wuri.
Amsa 2: 1) Kafin kwanciya fale-falen, da farko tabbatar da cewa flatness da verticality na matakin plaster Layer ne ≤ 4mm/2m;
2) Don fale-falen fale-falen buraka daban-daban, zaɓi trowels masu haƙori tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun da suka dace;
3) Fale-falen fale-falen buraka masu girma suna buƙatar a rufe su da mannen tayal a bayan fale-falen;
4) Bayan an ɗora fale-falen, a yi amfani da guduma na roba don murƙushe su kuma a daidaita su.
Tambaya ta 5 Ta yaya za a yi daidai da cikakkun nodes kamar sasanninta yin da yang, duwatsun kofa, da magudanan bene?
Amsa: Ya kamata kusurwoyin yin da yang su kasance a daidai kusurwa na digiri 90 bayan tiling, kuma kuskuren kusurwa tsakanin iyakar ya kamata ya zama ≤4mm. Tsawon tsayi da nisa na dutsen ƙofar suna daidai da murfin ƙofar. Lokacin da ɗaya gefen ya zama corridor, ɗayan kuma ɗakin kwana ne, dutsen ƙofar ya kamata a jera shi da ƙasa a ƙarshen biyu; 5 ~ 8mm mafi girma fiye da bene na gidan wanka don taka rawar kiyaye ruwa. Lokacin shigar da magudanar ƙasa, tabbatar da cewa magudanar ruwa na ƙasa ya kasance ƙasa da 1mm fiye da fale-falen da ke kewaye; mannen tayal ba zai iya gurɓata ƙananan bawul na magudanar ƙasa ba (zai haifar da zubar ruwa mara kyau), kuma ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da mannen tayal ɗin siminti mai sassauƙa don shigar da magudanar ruwa.
Tambaya 6 Menene ya kamata a kula da shi lokacin liƙa fale-falen fale-falen buraka a bangon bangon keel ɗin haske?
Amsa: Ya kamata a ba da hankali ga: 1) Ƙarfin tushe ya kamata ya iya biyan bukatun kwanciyar hankali na tsari. Tsarin na biyu da tsarin asali an haɗa su gaba ɗaya tare da raga galvanized.
2) Dangane da ƙimar shayar ruwa, yanki da nauyin tayal, daidaita kuma zaɓi manne tayal;
3) Don zaɓar tsarin shimfidar da ya dace, ya kamata ku yi amfani da hanyar haɗin gwiwa don shimfidawa da goge tayal a wurin.
Tambaya ta 7 A cikin yanayin girgiza, alal misali, lokacin daskare fale-falen fale-falen a wurare masu yuwuwar tushen jijjiga kamar ɗakin ɗakuna, wadanne kaddarorin kayan liƙa ne ya kamata a kula da su?
Amsa: Lokacin dasa fale-falen fale-falen buraka a kan irin wannan nau'in, ya zama dole a mai da hankali kan sassaucin mannen tayal, wato, ikon mannen tayal don lalata ta gefe. Ƙarfin ƙarfin, yana nufin cewa tile m Layer ba shi da sauƙi don lalata lokacin da aka girgiza tushe kuma ya lalace. Hollowing yana faruwa, faɗuwa kuma har yanzu yana kiyaye kyakkyawan aikin haɗin gwiwa.
2.2 Gabaɗaya ayyukan waje
Tambaya 1 Menene ya kamata a kula da shi a lokacin gina tile na waje a lokacin rani?
Amsa: Kula da aikin sunshade da kariyar ruwan sama. A cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi da iska mai ƙarfi, lokacin iska zai ragu sosai. Wurin goge-goge adhesive bai kamata ya yi girma da yawa ba, don hana slurry bushewa saboda manna da bai dace ba. haifar da hollowing.
Lura: 1) Zaɓin kayan da ya dace; 2) Nisantar hasken rana da tsakar rana; 3) Inuwa; 4) Dama kadan kuma a yi amfani da shi da wuri-wuri.
Tambaya 2 Yaya za a tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na babban yanki na tushe na bangon waje na bulo?
Amsa: Ƙaƙƙarfan shimfidar ƙasa dole ne ya dace da buƙatun ginin ginin. Idan lebur na babban yanki ya yi rauni sosai, yana buƙatar sake daidaita shi ta hanyar jan waya. Idan akwai ƙaramin yanki tare da protrusions, yana buƙatar daidaita shi a gaba. Idan karamin yanki yana da ma'ana, ana iya daidaita shi da manne a gaba. .
Tambaya 3 Menene buƙatu don ingantaccen tushe na ginin waje?
Amsa: Abubuwan buƙatu na asali sune: 1) Ana buƙatar ƙarfin tushen tushe don tabbatarwa; 2) Ƙaƙƙarfan shimfiɗar tushe yana cikin daidaitattun kewayon.
Tambaya 4 Yaya za a tabbatar da lebur na babban saman bayan bangon waje yana tile?
Amsa: 1) Tushen tushe na farko yana buƙatar zama lebur;
2) Fale-falen bango ya kamata su dace da buƙatun ƙa'idodin ƙasa, tare da kauri iri ɗaya da saman bulo mai santsi, da sauransu;
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-29-2022