Tsarin al'ada na biyucellulose ethersan ba da su a cikin Figures 1.1 da 1.2. Kowane β-D-dehydrated innabi na kwayar halitta cellulose
Rukunin sukari (nau'in maimaitu na cellulose) ana maye gurbinsa da rukunin ether ɗaya kowanne a matsayin C (2), C (3) da C (6), watau har zuwa uku.
kungiyar ether. Saboda kasancewar ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl, cellulose macromolecules suna da haɗin gwiwar intramolecular da intermolecular hydrogen, waɗanda ke da wuyar narkewa cikin ruwa.
Kuma yana da wuya a narke a cikin kusan dukkanin kaushi na halitta. Koyaya, bayan etherification na cellulose, ana shigar da ƙungiyoyin ether a cikin sarkar kwayoyin halitta,
Ta wannan hanyar, haɗin gwiwar hydrogen ɗin da ke ciki da tsakanin ƙwayoyin cellulose ya lalace, kuma ana inganta yanayin hydrophilicity, ta yadda za a iya inganta narkewa.
ya inganta sosai. Daga cikin su, Hoto 1.1 shine tsarin gaba ɗaya na sassan anhydroglucose guda biyu na sarkar kwayoyin ether cellulose, R1-R6 = H.
ko abubuwan maye gurbinsu. 1.2 wani guntu ne na sarkar kwayoyin carbonoxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, matakin maye gurbin carboxymethyl shine 0.5,4
Matsayin maye gurbin hydroxyethyl shine 2.0, kuma matakin maye gurbin molar shine 3.0.
Ga kowane madadin cellulose, jimlar adadin etherification za a iya bayyana shi azaman matakin maye gurbin (DS). sanya daga zaruruwa
Ana iya gani daga tsarin babban kwayoyin halitta cewa matakin maye gurbin ya kasance daga 0-3. Wato kowace rukunin anhydroglucose zoben cellulose
, Matsakaicin adadin ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl da aka maye gurbinsu ta hanyar etherifying ƙungiyoyi na etherifying wakili. Saboda ƙungiyar hydroxyalkyl na cellulose, maye gurbinsa
Ya kamata a sake kunna etherification daga sabon rukunin hydroxyl kyauta. Sabili da haka, ana iya bayyana matakin maye gurbin wannan nau'in ether cellulose a cikin moles.
digiri na maye gurbin (MS). Matsayin da ake kira molar canji yana nuna adadin etherifying wakili da aka ƙara zuwa kowane rukunin anhydroglucose na cellulose.
Matsakaicin taro na reactants.
1 Gabaɗaya tsarin rukunin glucose
2 gutsure na cellulose ether sarƙoƙi
1.2.2 Rarrabe na ethers cellulose
Ko cellulose ethers ne guda ethers ko gauraye ethers, su kaddarorin sun ɗan bambanta. Cellulose macromolecules
Idan rukunin hydroxyl na rukunin naúrar an maye gurbinsu ta ƙungiyar hydrophilic, samfurin na iya samun ƙaramin digiri na maye a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙaramin matakin maye gurbin.
Yana da wani ruwa mai narkewa; idan an musanya shi ta ƙungiyar hydrophobic, samfurin yana da ƙayyadaddun matsayi na maye gurbin kawai lokacin da matakin maye gurbin ya kasance matsakaici.
Mai narkewar ruwa, samfuran etherification na cellulose da ba a canza su ba zasu iya kumbura a cikin ruwa kawai, ko kuma su narke cikin mafi ƙarancin alkali mafita.
tsakiya.
Dangane da nau'ikan masu maye gurbin, ana iya raba ethers cellulose zuwa kashi uku: ƙungiyoyin alkyl, irin su methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose;
Hydroxyalkyls, irin su hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose; wasu, irin su carboxymethyl cellulose, da dai sauransu Idan ionization
Rarraba, cellulose ethers za a iya raba zuwa: ionic, irin su carboxymethyl cellulose; marasa ionic, irin su hydroxyethyl cellulose; gauraye
irin su hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose. Dangane da rarrabuwa na solubility, cellulose za a iya raba zuwa: ruwa mai narkewa kamar carboxymethyl cellulose.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose; ruwa maras narkewa, kamar methyl cellulose, da dai sauransu.
1.2.3 Kayayyaki da aikace-aikacen ethers cellulose
Cellulose ether wani nau'i ne na samfur bayan gyaran etherification na cellulose, kuma ether cellulose yana da kaddarorin masu mahimmanci. kamar
Yana da kyawawan abubuwan ƙirƙirar fim; a matsayin bugu na bugu, yana da kyakkyawar solubility na ruwa, kaddarorin kauri, riƙewar ruwa da kwanciyar hankali;
5
Filayen ether ba shi da wari, ba mai guba ba, kuma yana da kyawawa na halitta. Daga cikin su, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) yana da "monosodium glutamate masana'antu"
laƙabi.
1.2.3.1 Samuwar Fim
Matsayin etherification na ether cellulose yana da tasiri mai girma akan abubuwan da ke samar da fina-finai irin su ikon yin fim da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa. Cellulose ether
Saboda ƙarfin injinsa mai kyau da kuma dacewa mai kyau tare da resins daban-daban, ana iya amfani dashi a cikin fina-finai na filastik, adhesives da sauran kayan.
kayan shiri.
1.2.3.2 Solubility
Saboda kasancewar ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl da yawa akan zobe na rukunin glucose mai ɗauke da iskar oxygen, ethers cellulose suna da mafi kyawun narkewar ruwa. kuma
Dangane da maye gurbin ether cellulose da matakin maye gurbin, akwai kuma zaɓi daban-daban don kaushi na halitta.
1.2.3.3 Kauri
An narkar da ether cellulose a cikin bayani mai ruwa a cikin nau'i na colloid, inda matakin polymerization na ether cellulose ya ƙayyade cellulose.
Danko na ether bayani. Ba kamar ruwan Newtonian ba, dankon ether na ether na cellulose yana canzawa tare da karfi mai ƙarfi, kuma
Saboda wannan tsari na macromolecules, danko na maganin zai karu da sauri tare da karuwa da ingantaccen abun ciki na ether cellulose, duk da haka dankowar bayani.
Danko kuma yana raguwa da sauri tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki [33].
1.2.3.4 Lalacewa
Maganin ether na cellulose da aka narkar da shi a cikin ruwa na wani lokaci zai yi girma kwayoyin cuta, don haka samar da kwayoyin enzyme da kuma lalata tsarin ether cellulose.
Matsakaicin madaidaicin rukunin glucose wanda ba a musanya shi ba, don haka yana rage yawan adadin kwayoyin halittar macromolecule. Saboda haka, cellulose ethers
Ajiye mafita na ruwa yana buƙatar ƙarin adadin adadin abubuwan da aka adana.
Bugu da ƙari, ethers cellulose suna da wasu kaddarorin da yawa kamar aikin saman, aikin ionic, kwanciyar hankali da ƙari.
aikin gel. Saboda waɗannan kaddarorin, ana amfani da ethers cellulose a cikin yadi, yin takarda, kayan wanka na roba, kayan kwalliya, abinci, magani,
Ana amfani da shi sosai a fagage da yawa.
1.3 Gabatarwa ga albarkatun shuka
Daga bayyani na 1.2 cellulose ether, ana iya ganin cewa albarkatun kasa don shirye-shiryen ether cellulose shine yawancin cellulose auduga, kuma daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin wannan batu.
Shi ne don amfani da cellulose cire daga shuka albarkatun kasa maye gurbin auduga cellulose shirya cellulose ether. Mai zuwa shine taƙaitaccen gabatarwar shuka
abu.
Yayin da albarkatun gama gari irin su man fetur da kwal da iskar gas ke raguwa, za a kuma takaita samar da kayayyaki iri-iri da aka dogara da su, kamar filayen roba da na filaye. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban al'umma da ƙasashe a duniya (musamman
Kasa ce da ta ci gaba) mai kula da matsalar gurbatar muhalli. Halitta cellulose yana da biodegradaability da daidaituwar muhalli.
A hankali zai zama babban tushen kayan fiber.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-26-2022