1 Gabatarwa
Tun zuwan rini mai amsawa, sodium alginate (SA) shine babban manna don bugun rini mai amsawa akan yadudduka na auduga.
Amfani da iri uku nacellulose ethersCMC, HEC da HECMC da aka shirya a Babi na 3 a matsayin manna na asali, an shafa su don buga rini mai amsawa bi da bi.
fure.An gwada kayan asali da kaddarorin bugu na manna guda uku kuma an kwatanta su da SA, kuma an gwada zaruruwan ukun.
Abubuwan bugu na bitamin ethers.
2 Sashin gwaji
Kayan gwaji da magunguna
Danyen kayan da magungunan da aka yi amfani da su a gwajin.Daga cikinsu, yadudduka na buga rini mai amsawa sun kasance suna lalatawa da kuma tacewa, da sauransu.
Jerin saƙar auduga mai tsabta da aka riga aka rigaya, mai yawa 60/10cm × 50/10cm, saƙar yarn 21tex × 21tex.
Shiri na bugu da manna launi
Shiri na bugu manna
Domin guda huɗu na asali pastes na SA, CMC, HEC da HECMC, bisa ga rabo na daban-daban m abun ciki, karkashin stirring yanayi.
Sannan sai a zuba manna a cikin ruwan a hankali, a ci gaba da motsawa na wani lokaci, har sai da manna na asali ya zama iri ɗaya kuma a fili, a daina motsawa, sai a sanya shi a kan murhu.
A cikin gilashi, bari a tsaya dare.
Shiri na bugu manna
Da farko sai a narkar da urea da gishiri mai hana rini S tare da ruwa kadan, sai a zuba rini mai amsawa wanda aka narkar da shi a cikin ruwa, a tafasa sannan a juye a cikin wankan ruwan dumi.
Bayan an motsa na wani ɗan lokaci, ƙara ruwan inabi mai tacewa a cikin ainihin manna kuma a motsa shi daidai.Ƙara narke har sai kun fara bugawa
Kyakkyawan sodium bicarbonate.Tsarin launi mai launi shine: fenti mai amsawa 3%, manna na asali 80% (m abun ciki 3%), sodium bicarbonate 3%,
Gishiri na rigakafin gurɓatawar S shine 2%, urea shine 5%, kuma a ƙarshe ana ƙara ruwa zuwa 100%.
tsarin bugawa
Auduga masana'anta reactive fenti bugu tsari: shirye-shiryen na bugu manna → Magnetic mashaya bugu (a dakin da zazzabi da kuma matsa lamba, bugu 3 sau) → bushewa (105 ℃, 10min) → tururi (105 ± 2 ℃, 10min) → ruwan sanyi wanka → zafi zafi Wanka da ruwa (80℃) → tafasasshen sabulu (flakes sabulu 3g/L,
100℃, 10min) → Wanke ruwan zafi (80℃) → Wankan ruwan sanyi → bushewa (60℃).
Gwajin aikin asali na manna na asali
Gwajin ƙimar manna
An shirya manna guda huɗu na SA, CMC, HEC da HECMC tare da ingantaccen abun ciki daban-daban, da Brookfield DV-Ⅱ
An gwada danko na kowane manna tare da ingantaccen abun ciki daban-daban ta na'urar ma'aunin gani, kuma canjin yanayin danko tare da maida hankali shine adadin samuwar manna.
lankwasa.
Rheology da Fihirisar Dankowar Buga
Rheology: MCR301 rotational rheometer An yi amfani da shi don auna danko (η) na ainihin manna a nau'ikan juzu'i daban-daban.
Canjin canjin yanayin juzu'i shine lanƙwan rheological.
Fihirisar dankowar bugu: PVI ana bayyana ma'aunin danko, PVI = η60/η6, inda η60 da η6 ke bi da bi.
Dankowar ainihin manna wanda aka auna ta Brookfield DV-II viscometer a daidai gudun rotor na 60r/min da 6r/min.
gwajin riƙe ruwa
Auna 25g na ainihin manna a cikin kwandon 80mL, kuma a hankali ƙara 25mL na ruwa mai narkewa yayin motsawa don yin cakuda.
Yana hadawa daidai gwargwado.Ɗauki takarda mai ƙididdigewa mai tsayi x nisa na 10cm × 1cm, sannan a yi alama a ƙarshen takardar tacewa ɗaya tare da layin ma'auni, sa'an nan kuma saka ƙarshen alamar a cikin manna, ta yadda layin ma'auni ya zo daidai da saman manna, kuma lokacin yana farawa bayan an shigar da takardar tacewa, kuma ana rubuta ta akan takardar tace bayan mintuna 30.
Tsayin da danshi ke tashi.
4 Gwajin Daidaituwar Sinadarai
Don bugun rini mai amsawa, gwada dacewa da ainihin manna da sauran rini da aka saka a cikin manna bugu,
Wato, dacewa tsakanin manna na asali da abubuwa guda uku (urea, sodium bicarbonate da gishiri mai lalata S), takamaiman matakan gwajin sune kamar haka:
(1) Don gwajin ɗankowar maƙalli na ainihin manna, ƙara 25mL na distilled ruwa zuwa 50g na ainihin bugu, motsawa daidai, sannan auna danko.
Ana amfani da ƙimar danƙon da aka samu azaman ɗanƙoƙin tunani.
(2) Don gwada danko na ainihin manna bayan ƙara nau'o'in nau'i daban-daban (urea, sodium bicarbonate da gishiri mai anti-staining S), sanya shirye-shiryen 15%
Maganin Urea (rashin taro), 3% anti-staining gishiri S bayani (masu juzu'i) da 6% sodium bicarbonate bayani (jashi mai yawa)
An ƙara 25mL zuwa 50g na manna na asali bi da bi, an motsa shi daidai kuma an sanya shi na wani ɗan lokaci, sannan a auna danko na ainihin manna.A ƙarshe, za a auna danko
An kwatanta dabi'un danko tare da danko mai dacewa, kuma an ƙididdige yawan canjin danko na ainihin manna kafin da bayan ƙara kowane rini da kayan sinadarai.
Gwajin Kwanciyar Hankali
Ajiye manna na asali a cikin ɗaki (25°C) ƙarƙashin matsi na yau da kullun na tsawon kwanaki shida, auna danko na ainihin manna kowace rana a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya, sannan ƙididdige ɗanɗanon manna na asali bayan kwanaki 6 idan aka kwatanta da danko da aka auna akan. ranar farko ta dabara 4-(1).Matsayin watsawa na kowane manna na asali ana kimanta shi ta matakin watsawa azaman fihirisa
Kwanciyar ajiyar ajiya, ƙarami da tarwatsawa, mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na manna na asali.
Gwajin ƙimar zamewa
Da farko bushe masana'anta auduga da za a buga zuwa madaidaicin nauyi, auna kuma rikodin shi azaman mA;sa'an nan kuma bushe masana'anta auduga bayan bugu zuwa madaidaicin nauyi, auna kuma rikodin shi
mB ne;a ƙarshe, buguwar auduga da aka buga bayan tururi, sabulu da wankewa ana bushewa zuwa nauyi akai-akai, aunawa kuma ana rikodin su azaman mC
Gwajin hannu
Da farko, ana yin samfurin auduga kafin bugu da kuma bayan bugu kamar yadda ake buƙata, sannan ana amfani da kayan aikin masana'anta na phabrometer don auna aikin yadudduka.
An kimanta ji na hannun masana'anta kafin da bayan bugu gabaɗaya ta hanyar kwatanta halayen ji na hannu guda uku na santsi, tauri da laushi.
Gwajin saurin launi na yadudduka da aka buga
(1) Sautin launi zuwa gwajin gogewa
Gwaji daidai da GB/T 3920-2008 "Launi mai sauri zuwa shafa don gwajin saurin launi na yadi".
(2) Gwajin saurin launi zuwa wanka
Gwaji bisa ga GB/T 3921.3-2008 "Launi azumi zuwa sabulun yadi gwajin saurin launi".
Ainihin manna m abun ciki /%
CMC
HEC
Bayani: HEMCC
SA
Bambance-banci na danko nau'ikan manna na asali guda huɗu tare da ingantaccen abun ciki
Su sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) da kuma
Danko mai lankwasa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan asali na hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose (HECMC) azaman aikin ingantaccen abun ciki.
, danko na asali guda hudu na asali ya karu tare da karuwa mai ƙarfi, amma abubuwan da aka tsara na manna na asali guda huɗu ba ɗaya ba ne, daga cikinsu SA.
Kayan manna na CMC da HECMC shine mafi kyau, kuma kayan manna na HEC shine mafi muni.
An auna maɓallan aikin rheological na ainihin manna guda huɗu ta MCR301 rotational rheometer.
- Viscosity curve a matsayin aikin ƙimar juzu'i.Matsakaicin manne na asali guda huɗu duk sun ƙaru tare da ƙimar juzu'i.
karuwa da raguwa, SA, CMC, HEC da HECMC duk ruwaye na pseudoplastic ne.Table 4.3 PVI dabi'u na daban-daban raw pastes
Raw manna nau'in SA CMC HEC HECMC
Darajar PVI 0.813 0.526 0.621 0.726
Ana iya gani daga Table 4.3 cewa bugu danko index na SA da HECMC ya fi girma da kuma tsarin danko ne karami, wato, bugu na asali manna.
A ƙarƙashin aikin ƙananan ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙimar canjin danko kaɗan ne, kuma yana da wahala a cika buƙatun allon juyawa da bugu na allo;yayin da HEC da CMC
Fihirisar dankon bugu na CMC shine kawai 0.526, kuma dankon tsarin sa yana da girma, wato, manna bugu na asali yana da ƙaramin ƙarfi.
A ƙarƙashin aikin, ƙimar canjin danko yana da matsakaici, wanda zai fi dacewa da buƙatun allon rotary da bugu na allo, kuma zai iya dacewa da bugu na allo mai jujjuya tare da lambar raga mafi girma.
Sauƙi don samun bayyanannun alamu da layi.Dankowa/mPa·s
Rheological lankwasa hudu 1% daskararrun danye manna
Raw manna nau'in SA CMC HEC HECMC
h/cm 0.33 0.36 0.41 0.39
Sakamakon gwajin riƙe ruwa na 1% SA, 1% CMC, 1% HEC da 1% HECMC ainihin manna.
An gano cewa ruwa mai ruwa na SA shine mafi kyau, CMC ya biyo baya, mafi muni shine HECMC da HEC.
Kwatanta Daidaituwar Sinadarai
Bambanci na ainihin manna danko na SA, CMC, HEC da HECMC
Raw manna nau'in SA CMC HEC HECMC
Dankowa/mPa·s
Dankowa bayan ƙara urea/mPa s
Dankowa bayan ƙara anti-tabon gishiri S/mPa s
Dankowa bayan ƙara sodium bicarbonate/mPa s
Abubuwan viscosities na farko guda huɗu na SA, CMC, HEC da HECMC sun bambanta tare da manyan abubuwan ƙari guda uku: urea, gishirin anti-staining S da
Ana nuna canje-canje a cikin ƙari na sodium bicarbonate a cikin tebur., Bugu da ƙari na manyan additives guda uku, zuwa ainihin manna
Yawan canji a cikin danko ya bambanta sosai.Daga cikin su, ƙari na urea zai iya ƙara danko na ainihin manna da kusan 5%, wanda zai iya zama.
Ana haifar da shi ta hanyar hygroscopic da tasirin urea;kuma gishirin anti-staining S zai kuma ɗan ƙara danko na manna na asali, amma yana da ɗan tasiri;
Bugu da kari na sodium bicarbonate ya rage danko na ainihin manna, daga cikinsu CMC da HEC sun ragu sosai, da kuma danko na HECMC / mPa·s.
66
Na biyu, dacewa da SA ya fi kyau.
SA CMC HEC HECMC
-15
-10
-5
05
Uriya
Anti-tabon gishiri S
sodium bicarbonate
Dace da SA, CMC, HEC da HECMC manna haja tare da sunadarai uku
Kwatanta kwanciyar hankali na ajiya
Watsawa na yau da kullun danyen manna iri-iri
Raw manna nau'in SA CMC HEC HECMC
Watsawa/% 8.68 8.15 8. 98 8.83
shi ne dispersion digiri na SA, CMC, HEC da HECMC a karkashin kullum danko na hudu asali pastes, da watsawa.
Ƙananan darajar digiri, mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na ajiyar ma'auni na asali daidai.Ana iya gani daga teburin cewa kwanciyar hankali na ajiya na CMC raw manna yana da kyau
Kwanciyar ajiyar ajiya na HEC da HECMC raw manna ba shi da kyau, amma bambancin ba shi da mahimmanci.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-29-2022