Nau'o'in abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su wajen gina busassun busassun turmi, halayen aikinsu, tsarin aiki, da tasirinsu akan aikin busassun kayan turmi.An tattauna tasirin haɓakar abubuwan da ke riƙe da ruwa kamar cellulose ether da sitaci ether, redispersible latex foda da kayan fiber akan aikin busassun busassun turmi an tattauna sosai.
Admixtures suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta aikin ginin busasshen turmi, amma ƙarin busassun turmi ya sa farashin kayan busassun busassun turmi ya fi na turmi na gargajiya, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 40% na farashin kayan a cikin busassun busassun turmi.A halin yanzu, masana'antun ƙasashen waje ne ke ba da wani yanki mai yawa na haɗaɗɗen, kuma ma'auni na samfurin kuma ana ba da shi ta hanyar mai siyarwa.A sakamakon haka, farashin busassun kayayyakin turmi mai gauraya ya kasance mai yawa, kuma yana da wahala a shahara da manyan gine-ginen gine-gine da gyare-gyaren turmi da yawa da wurare masu faɗi;Kamfanoni na kasashen waje ne ke sarrafa kayayyakin kasuwa masu girma, kuma masu yin busasshen turmi da aka gauraya suna da karancin riba da rashin hakurin farashi;Akwai karancin bincike na tsari da niyya kan amfani da magunguna, kuma ana bin ka'idojin kasashen waje ido rufe.
Dangane da dalilan da ke sama, wannan takarda tana yin nazari tare da kwatanta wasu mahimman kaddarorin abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su, kuma a kan wannan, ana yin nazarin ayyukan busassun kayan turmi ta hanyar amfani da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.
1 wakili mai riƙe ruwa
Wakilin riƙe ruwa shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci don haɓaka aikin riƙewar ruwa na busassun turmi mai gauraya, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin maɓalli masu mahimmanci don tantance farashin busassun kayan turmi.
1. Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose shine kalma na gaba ɗaya don jerin samfuran da aka kafa ta hanyar amsawar alkali cellulose da etherifying wakili a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi.Alkali cellulose an maye gurbinsu da daban-daban etherifying jamiái don samun daban-daban cellulose ethers.Dangane da kaddarorin ionization na masu maye, ana iya raba ethers cellulose zuwa kashi biyu: ionic (kamar carboxymethyl cellulose) da wadanda ba ionic (kamar methyl cellulose).Dangane da nau'in maye gurbin, ana iya raba ether cellulose zuwa monoether (kamar methyl cellulose) da ether gauraye (kamar hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).A cewar daban-daban solubility, shi za a iya raba ruwa-soluble (kamar hydroxyethyl cellulose) da Organic sauran ƙarfi-soluble (kamar ethyl cellulose), da dai sauransu Dry-mixed turmi ne yafi ruwa-soluble cellulose, da ruwa-soluble cellulose ne. rarrabuwa zuwa nau'in nan take da nau'in jinkirin da ake ji da shi.
Hanyar aikin cellulose ether a cikin turmi shine kamar haka:
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yana da sauƙin narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, kuma zai gamu da matsaloli wajen narkewa cikin ruwan zafi.Amma zafinsa na gelation a cikin ruwan zafi yana da girma fiye da na methyl cellulose.Solubility a cikin ruwan sanyi kuma yana inganta sosai idan aka kwatanta da methyl cellulose.
(2) Dankin hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yana da alaƙa da nauyin kwayoyin halitta, kuma mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta, mafi girman danko.Hakanan yanayin zafi yana rinjayar danko, yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, danko yana raguwa.Duk da haka, babban danko yana da tasirin zafi fiye da methyl cellulose.Maganin sa yana da ƙarfi idan an adana shi a cikin zafin jiki.
(3) Riƙewar ruwa na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ya dogara ne akan ƙarin adadinsa, danko, da dai sauransu, kuma yawan ajiyar ruwa a ƙarƙashin adadin adadin adadin ya fi na methyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yana da kwanciyar hankali ga acid da alkali, kuma maganinsa na ruwa yana da tsayi sosai a cikin kewayon pH = 2 ~ 12.Caustic soda da ruwan lemun tsami suna da ɗan tasiri akan aikin sa, amma alkali na iya hanzarta rushewar kuma yana ƙara danko.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ya tsaya tsayin daka ga gishiri na kowa, amma lokacin da maida hankali na maganin gishiri ya yi girma, dankowar maganin hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yana kula da karuwa.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose za a iya haxa shi da ruwa mai narkewa polymer mahadi don samar da uniform da mafi girma danko bayani.Kamar polyvinyl barasa, sitaci ether, kayan lambu danko, da dai sauransu.
(6).
(7) Mannewar hydroxypropyl methylcellulose zuwa ginin turmi ya fi na methylcellulose girma.
2. Methylcellulose (MC)
Bayan an yi amfani da auduga mai ladabi tare da alkali, ana samar da ether cellulose ta hanyar jerin halayen da methane chloride a matsayin wakili na etherification.Gabaɗaya, matakin maye gurbin shine 1.6 ~ 2.0, kuma solubility shima ya bambanta da digiri daban-daban na maye gurbin.Nasa ne ga wadanda ba ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose yana narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, kuma zai yi wuya a narke cikin ruwan zafi.Maganin ruwan sa yana da ƙarfi sosai a cikin kewayon pH = 3 ~ 12.Yana da kyau dacewa tare da sitaci, guar danko, da dai sauransu da yawa surfactants.Lokacin da zafin jiki ya kai ga zafin jiki na gelation, gelation yana faruwa.
(2) Riƙewar ruwa na methyl cellulose ya dogara da adadin adadinsa, danko, fineness barbashi da rushewar kudi.Gabaɗaya, idan adadin ƙari yana da girma, ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙanƙara ne, kuma danko yana da girma, yawan riƙe ruwa yana da girma.Daga cikin su, adadin ƙarawa yana da tasiri mafi girma a kan yawan adadin ruwa, kuma matakin danko ba daidai ba ne kai tsaye zuwa matakin yawan ruwa.A rushe kudi yafi dogara a kan mataki na surface gyara na cellulose barbashi da barbashi fineness.Daga cikin ethers cellulose da ke sama, methyl cellulose da hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose suna da ƙimar riƙe ruwa mafi girma.
(3) Canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki zai yi tasiri sosai akan ƙimar riƙe ruwa na methyl cellulose.Gabaɗaya, mafi girman zafin jiki, mafi munin riƙewar ruwa.Idan yawan zafin jiki na turmi ya wuce 40 ° C, riƙewar ruwa na methyl cellulose zai ragu sosai, yana tasiri sosai ga ginin turmi.
(4) Methyl cellulose yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ginin da mannewa na turmi.“Maɗaukaki” a nan yana nufin ƙarfin mannewa da ake ji tsakanin kayan aikin ma’aikaci da katangar bango, wato, juriyar juriyar turmi.Manne yana da girma, juriya na juriya na turmi yana da girma, kuma ƙarfin da ma'aikata ke bukata a cikin aikin da ake amfani da su yana da girma, kuma aikin ginin turmi ba shi da kyau.Methyl cellulose adhesion yana a matsakaicin matakin a cikin samfuran ether cellulose.
3. Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)
An yi shi daga auduga mai ladabi da aka yi da alkali, kuma an yi shi da ethylene oxide a matsayin wakili na etherification a gaban acetone.Matsakaicin maye gaba ɗaya shine 1.5 ~ 2.0.Yana da karfi hydrophilicity kuma yana da sauƙin sha danshi.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose yana narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, amma yana da wuya a narke cikin ruwan zafi.Maganin sa yana da ƙarfi a babban zafin jiki ba tare da gelling ba.Ana iya amfani da shi na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi a turmi, amma riƙewar ruwa ya fi na methyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose barga ga janar acid da alkali.Alkaki na iya hanzarta narkarwarsa kuma ya dan kara danko.Rarrabuwar sa a cikin ruwa ya ɗan yi muni fiye da na methyl cellulose da hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose..
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose yana da kyakkyawan aikin anti-sag don turmi, amma yana da lokaci mai tsawo don ciminti.
(4) Ayyukan hydroxyethyl cellulose da wasu masana'antun cikin gida ke samarwa a fili ya yi ƙasa da na methyl cellulose saboda yawan ruwa da kuma yawan toka.
Sitaci ether
Ethers na sitaci da ake amfani da su a cikin turmi an canza su daga polymers na wasu polysaccharides.Kamar dankalin turawa, masara, rogo, wake da sauransu.
1. Gyaran sitaci
Sitaci ether wanda aka gyara daga dankalin turawa, masara, rogo, da sauransu yana da ƙarancin riƙe ruwa fiye da ether cellulose.Saboda nau'in gyare-gyare daban-daban, kwanciyar hankali ga acid da alkali ya bambanta.Wasu samfurori sun dace don amfani da su a cikin turmi na gypsum, yayin da wasu za a iya amfani da su a cikin turmi na ciminti.Aikace-aikacen sitaci ether a cikin turmi ana amfani da shi ne azaman mai kauri don inganta kayan hana lalata turmi, rage manne da rigar turmi, da tsawaita lokacin buɗewa.
Ana amfani da sitaci ether sau da yawa tare da cellulose, ta yadda kaddarorin da fa'idodin waɗannan samfuran guda biyu su dace da juna.Tunda samfuran sitaci ether sun fi rahusa fiye da ether cellulose, aikace-aikacen sitaci ether a cikin turmi zai kawo raguwa mai yawa a cikin farashin ƙirar turmi.
2. Guar gum ether
Guar gum ether wani nau'in ether ne na sitaci tare da kaddarorin musamman, wanda aka gyara daga wake gua na halitta.Yawanci ta hanyar etherification na guar danko da ƙungiyar aikin acrylic, an kafa tsarin da ke ɗauke da ƙungiyar aikin 2-hydroxypropyl, wanda shine tsarin polygalactomannose.
(1) Idan aka kwatanta da ether cellulose, guar gum ether ya fi narkewa cikin ruwa.Abubuwan da ke cikin pH guar ethers ba su da tasiri sosai.
(2) A ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙananan danko da ƙananan sashi, guar danko zai iya maye gurbin ether cellulose a daidai adadin, kuma yana da irin wannan riƙewar ruwa.Amma daidaito, anti-sag, thixotropy da sauransu an inganta su a fili.
(3) A ƙarƙashin yanayin babban danko da babban sashi, guar gum ba zai iya maye gurbin ether cellulose ba, kuma haɗuwa da amfani da su biyu zai haifar da mafi kyawun aiki.
(4) Yin amfani da guar danko a cikin turmi na tushen gypsum na iya rage mannewa sosai yayin ginin kuma ya sa ginin ya fi sauƙi.Ba shi da wani mummunan tasiri akan saita lokaci da ƙarfin turmi gypsum.
3. Gyaran ma'adinai mai kauri mai riƙe da ruwa
An yi amfani da kauri mai riƙe ruwa da aka yi da ma'adanai na halitta ta hanyar gyare-gyare da haɗawa a cikin Sin.Babban ma'adanai da ake amfani da su don shirya kauri mai riƙe ruwa sune: sepiolite, bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolin, da dai sauransu. Waɗannan ma'adanai suna da wasu abubuwan da ke riƙe da ruwa da kauri ta hanyar gyare-gyare kamar abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.Irin wannan kauri mai riƙe ruwa da ake yi wa turmi yana da halaye masu zuwa.
(1) Yana iya inganta aikin turmi na yau da kullun, da magance matsalolin rashin aiki na turmi siminti, ƙarancin ƙarfin cakuɗewar turmi, da ƙarancin juriya na ruwa.
(2) Ana iya samar da samfuran turmi tare da matakan ƙarfi daban-daban don masana'antu gabaɗaya da gine-ginen farar hula.
(3) Farashin kayan yana da mahimmanci ƙasa da na ether cellulose da sitaci ether.
(4) Riƙewar ruwa ya fi ƙasa da na kwayoyin ruwa na kwayoyin halitta, ƙimar bushewar bushewar turmi da aka shirya ya fi girma, kuma an rage haɗin kai.
Redispersible polymer roba foda
Redispersible roba foda ana sarrafa ta feshi bushewa na musamman polymer emulsion.A cikin aiwatar da sarrafawa, colloid mai karewa, wakili na anti-caking, da sauransu ya zama abubuwan da ba dole ba ne.Busasshen foda na roba shine wasu barbashi mai siffar zobe na 80 ~ 100mm sun taru.Wadannan barbashi ne mai narkewa a cikin ruwa da kuma samar da wani barga watsawa dan kadan ya fi girma fiye da na asali emulsion barbashi.Wannan tarwatsawa zai samar da fim bayan bushewa da bushewa.Wannan fim ɗin ba zai iya jujjuya shi ba kamar yadda ake yin fim ɗin emulsion na gabaɗaya, kuma ba zai sake watsewa ba lokacin da ya hadu da ruwa.Watsewa.
Redispersible roba foda za a iya raba zuwa kashi: styrene-butadiene copolymer, tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, da dai sauransu, kuma bisa ga wannan, silicone, vinyl laurate, da dai sauransu an grafted don inganta aikin.Matakan gyare-gyare daban-daban suna sa foda na roba mai sakewa suna da kaddarorin daban-daban kamar juriya na ruwa, juriya na alkali, juriya na yanayi da sassauci.Ya ƙunshi vinyl laurate da silicone, wanda zai iya sa foda na roba ya sami kyakkyawan hydrophobicity.Babban reshe na vinyl carbonate mai ƙarancin ƙimar Tg da sassauci mai kyau.
Lokacin da irin waɗannan nau'ikan foda na roba a kan turmi, duk suna da tasirin jinkirta lokacin saita siminti, amma tasirin jinkirin ya yi ƙasa da aikace-aikacen kai tsaye na emulsion iri ɗaya.Idan aka kwatanta, styrene-butadiene yana da sakamako mafi girma na retarding, kuma ethylene-vinyl acetate yana da mafi ƙarancin sakamako.Idan adadin ya yi ƙanƙanta, sakamakon inganta aikin turmi ba a bayyane yake ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-03-2023