Cellulose ether
Cellulose ether shine kalma na gaba ɗaya don jerin samfurori da aka samar ta hanyar amsawar alkali cellulose da etherifying wakili a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi.Alkali cellulose an maye gurbinsu da daban-daban etherifying jamiái don samun daban-daban cellulose ethers.Dangane da kaddarorin ionization na masu maye, ana iya raba ethers cellulose zuwa kashi biyu: ionic (kamar carboxymethyl cellulose) da wadanda ba ionic (kamar methyl cellulose).Dangane da nau'in maye gurbin, ana iya raba ether cellulose zuwa monoether (kamar methyl cellulose) da ether gauraye (kamar hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).A cewar daban-daban solubility, shi za a iya raba ruwa-soluble (kamar hydroxyethyl cellulose) da Organic sauran ƙarfi-soluble (kamar ethyl cellulose), da dai sauransu Dry-mixed turmi ne yafi ruwa-soluble cellulose, da ruwa-soluble cellulose ne. rarrabuwa zuwa nau'in nan take da nau'in jinkirin da ake ji da shi.
Hanyar aikin ether cellulose a cikin turmi shine kamar haka:
(1) Bayan da cellulose ether a cikin turmi aka narkar da a cikin ruwa, da tasiri da kuma uniform rarraba siminti abu a cikin tsarin da aka tabbatar saboda da surface aiki, da kuma cellulose ether, a matsayin m colloid, "nannade" m. barbashi da kuma wani Layer na fim mai shafawa yana samuwa a samansa na waje, wanda ke sa tsarin turmi ya zama mafi kwanciyar hankali, kuma yana inganta yawan ruwa na turmi yayin aikin hadawa da kuma santsin ginin.
(2) Saboda tsarinsa na kwayoyin halitta, maganin cellulose ether ya sa ruwan da ke cikin turmi ba shi da sauƙi a rasa, kuma a hankali ya sake shi na tsawon lokaci, yana ba da turmi mai kyau na ruwa da kuma aiki.
1. Methylcellulose (MC)
Bayan an yi amfani da auduga mai ladabi tare da alkali, ana samar da ether cellulose ta hanyar jerin halayen da methane chloride a matsayin wakili na etherification.Gabaɗaya, matakin maye gurbin shine 1.6 ~ 2.0, kuma solubility shima ya bambanta da digiri daban-daban na maye gurbin.Nasa ne ga wadanda ba ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose yana narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, kuma zai yi wuya a narke cikin ruwan zafi.Maganin ruwan sa yana da ƙarfi sosai a cikin kewayon pH = 3 ~ 12.Yana da kyau dacewa tare da sitaci, guar danko, da dai sauransu da yawa surfactants.Lokacin da zafin jiki ya kai ga zafin jiki na gelation, gelation yana faruwa.
(2) Riƙewar ruwa na methyl cellulose ya dogara da adadin adadinsa, danko, fineness barbashi da rushewar kudi.Gabaɗaya, idan adadin ƙari yana da girma, ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙanƙara ne, kuma danko yana da girma, yawan riƙe ruwa yana da girma.Daga cikin su, adadin ƙarawa yana da tasiri mafi girma a kan yawan adadin ruwa, kuma matakin danko ba daidai ba ne kai tsaye zuwa matakin yawan ruwa.A rushe kudi yafi dogara a kan mataki na surface gyara na cellulose barbashi da barbashi fineness.Daga cikin ethers cellulose da ke sama, methyl cellulose da hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose suna da ƙimar riƙe ruwa mafi girma.
(3) Canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki zai yi tasiri sosai akan ƙimar riƙe ruwa na methyl cellulose.Gabaɗaya, mafi girman zafin jiki, mafi munin riƙewar ruwa.Idan yawan zafin jiki na turmi ya wuce 40 ° C, riƙewar ruwa na methyl cellulose zai ragu sosai, yana tasiri sosai ga ginin turmi.
(4) Methyl cellulose yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ginin da mannewa na turmi.“Maɗaukaki” a nan yana nufin ƙarfin mannewa da ake ji tsakanin kayan aikin ma’aikaci da katangar bango, wato, juriyar juriyar turmi.Manne yana da girma, juriya na juriya na turmi yana da girma, kuma ƙarfin da ma'aikata ke bukata a cikin aikin da ake amfani da su yana da girma, kuma aikin ginin turmi ba shi da kyau.Methyl cellulose adhesion yana a matsakaicin matakin a cikin samfuran ether cellulose.
2. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose wani nau'in cellulose ne wanda kayan aiki da amfaninsa ke karuwa cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Yana da ether wanda ba na ionic cellulose ba wanda aka yi daga auduga mai ladabi bayan alkalization, ta amfani da propylene oxide da methyl chloride a matsayin wakili na etherification, ta hanyar jerin halayen.Matsakaicin maye gaba ɗaya shine 1.2 ~ 2.0.Kaddarorinsa sun bambanta saboda bambancin rabo na abun ciki na methoxyl da abun ciki na hydroxypropyl.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yana da sauƙin narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, kuma zai gamu da matsaloli wajen narkewa cikin ruwan zafi.Amma zafinsa na gelation a cikin ruwan zafi yana da girma fiye da na methyl cellulose.Solubility a cikin ruwan sanyi kuma yana inganta sosai idan aka kwatanta da methyl cellulose.
(2) Dankin hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yana da alaƙa da nauyin kwayoyin halitta, kuma mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta, mafi girman danko.Hakanan yanayin zafi yana rinjayar danko, yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, danko yana raguwa.Duk da haka, babban danko yana da ƙananan tasirin zafi fiye da methyl cellulose.Maganin sa yana da ƙarfi idan an adana shi a cikin zafin jiki.
(3) Riƙewar ruwa na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ya dogara ne akan ƙarin adadinsa, danko, da dai sauransu, kuma yawan ajiyar ruwa a ƙarƙashin adadin adadin adadin ya fi na methyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yana da kwanciyar hankali ga acid da alkali, kuma maganinsa na ruwa yana da tsayi sosai a cikin kewayon pH = 2 ~ 12.Caustic soda da ruwan lemun tsami suna da ɗan tasiri akan aikin sa, amma alkali na iya hanzarta rushewar kuma yana ƙara danko.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ya tsaya tsayin daka ga gishiri na kowa, amma lokacin da maida hankali na maganin gishiri ya yi girma, dankowar maganin hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yana kula da karuwa.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose za a iya haxa shi da ruwa mai narkewa polymer mahadi don samar da uniform da mafi girma danko bayani.Kamar polyvinyl barasa, sitaci ether, kayan lambu danko, da dai sauransu.
(6).
(7) Mannewar hydroxypropyl methylcellulose zuwa ginin turmi ya fi na methylcellulose girma.
3. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
An yi shi daga auduga mai ladabi da aka yi da alkali, kuma an yi shi da ethylene oxide a matsayin wakili na etherification a gaban acetone.Matsakaicin maye gaba ɗaya shine 1.5 ~ 2.0.Yana da ƙarfi hydrophilicity kuma yana da sauƙin sha danshi
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose yana narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, amma yana da wuya a narke cikin ruwan zafi.Maganin sa yana da ƙarfi a babban zafin jiki ba tare da gelling ba.Ana iya amfani da shi na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi a turmi, amma riƙewar ruwa ya fi na methyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose barga ga janar acid da alkali.Alkaki na iya hanzarta narkarwarsa kuma ya dan kara danko.Rarrabuwar sa a cikin ruwa ya ɗan yi muni fiye da na methyl cellulose da hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose..
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose yana da kyakkyawan aikin anti-sag don turmi, amma yana da lokaci mai tsawo don ciminti.
(4) Ayyukan hydroxyethyl cellulose da wasu masana'antun cikin gida ke samarwa a fili ya yi ƙasa da na methyl cellulose saboda yawan ruwa da kuma yawan toka.
4. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Ionic cellulose ether an yi shi ne daga filaye na halitta (auduga, da dai sauransu) bayan maganin alkali, ta yin amfani da sodium monochloroacetate a matsayin wakili na etherification, da kuma jurewa jerin jiyya.Matsakaicin maye gaba ɗaya shine 0.4 ~ 1.4, kuma aikin sa yana tasiri sosai ta matakin maye gurbin.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose ya fi hygroscopic, kuma zai ƙunshi ƙarin ruwa lokacin da aka adana shi a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullum.
(2) Maganin ruwa na Carboxymethyl cellulose ba zai samar da gel ba, kuma danko zai ragu tare da karuwar zafin jiki.Lokacin da zafin jiki ya wuce 50 ° C, danko ba zai iya jurewa ba.
(3) kwanciyar hankali yana tasiri sosai ta pH.Gabaɗaya, ana iya amfani da shi a cikin turmi na tushen gypsum, amma ba a cikin turmi na tushen siminti ba.Lokacin da alkaline sosai, yana rasa danko.
(4) Riƙewar ruwansa yayi ƙasa da na methyl cellulose.Yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan turmi na tushen gypsum kuma yana rage ƙarfinsa.Duk da haka, farashin carboxymethyl cellulose yana da ƙasa sosai fiye da na methyl cellulose.
Redispersible polymer roba foda
Redispersible roba foda ana sarrafa ta feshi bushewa na musamman polymer emulsion.A cikin aiwatar da sarrafawa, colloid mai karewa, wakili na anti-caking, da sauransu ya zama abubuwan da ba dole ba ne.Busasshen foda na roba shine wasu barbashi mai siffar zobe na 80 ~ 100mm sun taru.Wadannan barbashi ne mai narkewa a cikin ruwa da kuma samar da wani barga watsawa dan kadan ya fi girma fiye da na asali emulsion barbashi.Wannan tarwatsawa zai samar da fim bayan bushewa da bushewa.Wannan fim ɗin ba zai iya jujjuya shi ba kamar yadda ake yin fim ɗin emulsion na gabaɗaya, kuma ba zai sake tarwatse ba lokacin da ya hadu da ruwa.Watsewa.
Redispersible roba foda za a iya raba zuwa kashi: styrene-butadiene copolymer, tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, da dai sauransu, kuma bisa ga wannan, silicone, vinyl laurate, da dai sauransu an grafted don inganta aikin.Matakan gyare-gyare daban-daban suna sa foda na roba mai sakewa suna da kaddarorin daban-daban kamar juriya na ruwa, juriya na alkali, juriya na yanayi da sassauci.Ya ƙunshi vinyl laurate da silicone, wanda zai iya sa foda na roba ya sami kyakkyawan hydrophobicity.Babban reshe na vinyl carbonate mai ƙarancin ƙimar Tg da sassauci mai kyau.
Lokacin da irin waɗannan nau'ikan foda na roba a kan turmi, duk suna da tasirin jinkirtawa akan saita lokacin siminti, amma tasirin jinkirin ya yi ƙasa da aikace-aikacen kai tsaye na emulsion iri ɗaya.Idan aka kwatanta, styrene-butadiene yana da sakamako mafi girma na retarding, kuma ethylene-vinyl acetate yana da mafi ƙarancin sakamako.Idan adadin ya yi ƙanƙanta, sakamakon inganta aikin turmi ba a bayyane yake ba.
Polypropylene fibers
Ana yin fiber na polypropylene daga polypropylene azaman albarkatun ƙasa da adadin da ya dace na gyare-gyare.A fiber diamita ne kullum game da 40 microns, da tensile ƙarfi ne 300 ~ 400mpa, da na roba modulus ne ≥3500mpa, da kuma matuƙar elongation ne 15 ~ 18%.Halayen aikinsa:
(1) Zaɓuɓɓukan polypropylene an rarraba su daidai a cikin kwatancen bazuwar matakai uku a cikin turmi, suna samar da tsarin ƙarfafa hanyar sadarwa.Idan an ƙara kilogiram 1 na fiber na polypropylene zuwa kowane tan na turmi, za a iya samun fiye da zaruruwan monofilament fiye da miliyan 30.
(2) Ƙara fiber polypropylene zuwa turmi zai iya rage raguwar raguwa na turmi a cikin yanayin filastik.Ko ana iya ganin tsagewar ko a'a.Kuma zai iya muhimmanci rage surface zub da jini da kuma jimlar sulhu na sabo turmi.
(3) Ga turmi taurara jiki, polypropylene fiber iya muhimmanci rage yawan nakasawa fasa.Wato lokacin da jikin turmi ya haifar da damuwa saboda nakasawa, yana iya jurewa kuma yana watsa damuwa.Lokacin da turmi taurara jiki ya fashe, zai iya ƙetare ƙarfin damuwa a ƙarshen faɗuwar kuma ya taƙaita faɗaɗa tsaga.
(4) Ingantacciyar watsawar fibers na polypropylene a cikin samar da turmi zai zama matsala mai wahala.Haɗa kayan aiki, nau'in fiber da sashi, rabon turmi da sigogin tsarin sa duk zasu zama mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar watsawa.
iska entraining wakili
Wakilin da ke haɗa iska wani nau'i ne na surfactant wanda zai iya samar da kumfa mai tsayayye a cikin sabon kankare ko turmi ta hanyoyin jiki.Yafi sun hada da: rosin da thermal polymers, wadanda ba ionic surfactants, alkylbenzene sulfonates, lignosulfonates, carboxylic acid da su salts, da dai sauransu.
Sau da yawa ana amfani da abubuwan da ke haifar da iska don shirya turmi mai laushi da masonry.Saboda ƙari na wakili mai haɓaka iska, za a kawo wasu canje-canje a aikin turmi.
(1) Saboda shigar da kumfa mai iska, ana iya ƙara sauƙi da gina turmi mai gauraye, kuma ana iya rage zubar jini.
(2) Yin amfani da wakili mai haɓaka iska kawai zai rage ƙarfi da elasticity na mold a cikin turmi.Idan ana amfani da wakili mai haɓaka iska da mai rage ruwa tare, kuma rabo ya dace, ƙimar ƙarfin ba zai ragu ba.
(3) Yana iya inganta juriyar sanyi na turmi mai taurin gaske, inganta rashin ƙarfi na turmi, da haɓaka juriya na yashwar turmi mai tauri.
(4) Mai ba da iska zai kara yawan iskar turmi, wanda zai kara raguwar turmi, kuma za'a iya rage girman girman da ya dace ta hanyar ƙara mai rage ruwa.
Tun da adadin abin da aka haɗa da iskar yana da ƙanƙanta, gabaɗaya kawai yana lissafin ƴan dubu goma na adadin siminti, dole ne a tabbatar da cewa an yi mitoci daidai kuma a gauraye shi yayin samar da turmi;dalilai irin su hanyoyin motsa jiki da lokacin motsa jiki za su yi tasiri sosai ga adadin kuzarin iska.Sabili da haka, a ƙarƙashin yanayin samar da gida da gine-gine na yanzu, ƙara abubuwan haɓaka iska zuwa turmi yana buƙatar aikin gwaji mai yawa.
farkon ƙarfin wakili
An yi amfani da shi don inganta ƙarfin farkon siminti da turmi, ana amfani da magungunan farkon ƙarfin sulfate, galibi ciki har da sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, aluminum sulfate da potassium aluminum sulfate.
Gaba daya ana amfani da sinadarin sodium sulfate mai anhydrous, kuma adadinsa ba ya da yawa kuma tasirin karfin da wuri yana da kyau, amma idan adadin ya yi yawa, zai haifar da fadadawa da tsagewa a mataki na gaba, kuma a lokaci guda alkali ya dawo. zai faru, wanda zai shafi bayyanar da tasirin kayan ado na saman.
Calcium formate kuma mai kyau maganin daskarewa.Yana da sakamako mai kyau na farkon ƙarfi, ƙarancin sakamako masu illa, dacewa mai kyau tare da sauran admixtures, da kuma kaddarorin da yawa sun fi sulfate ƙarfin ƙarfin farko, amma farashin ya fi girma.
maganin daskarewa
Idan an yi amfani da turmi a yanayin zafi mara kyau, idan ba a ɗauki matakan hana daskarewa ba, lalacewar sanyi za ta faru kuma ƙarfin tauraruwar jiki zai lalace.Maganin daskarewa yana hana lalacewar daskarewa daga hanyoyi biyu na hana daskarewa da haɓaka ƙarfin farkon turmi.
Daga cikin abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su na maganin daskarewa, calcium nitrite da sodium nitrite suna da mafi kyawun tasirin daskarewa.Tun da calcium nitrite ba ya ƙunshi potassium da sodium ions, yana iya rage faruwar alkali aggregate idan aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kankare, amma aikin sa yana da ɗan rauni idan aka yi amfani da shi a turmi, yayin da sodium nitrite ya fi aiki mafi kyau.Ana amfani da maganin daskarewa a hade tare da wakili mai ƙarfi da wuri da mai rage ruwa don samun sakamako mai gamsarwa.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da busassun busassun turmi tare da maganin daskarewa a matsanancin zafi mara kyau, ya kamata a ƙara yawan zafin jiki yadda ya kamata, kamar hadawa da ruwan dumi.
Idan yawan maganin daskarewa ya yi yawa, zai rage karfin turmi a mataki na gaba, kuma saman turmi mai taurin zai sami matsaloli kamar dawowar alkali, wanda zai shafi bayyanar da tasirin saman kayan ado. .
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-16-2023